Amy Potthast | Instructional Coach & Designer | Learning Design Studios

Hypotheses

Also occurs to me to survey my classmates about their own response to this assignment and see what pans out. The survey forces me to ask very pointed questions driven by hypotheses — I can finalize the questions after I get a chance to speak with some SMEs (Evergreen educators and administrators, eg) and get their download.

My working hypothesis is that students with “more” experience in a subject area are going to have an easier time of constructivism which relies so much on the student’s initiative to drive progress. Additionally, students with a higher commitment to their subject area, and who understand the rationale for constructivist approaches may do better.

Specific (hypothetical) strategies to help struggling students might include starting with group work, in which some group members are not struggling (with constructivism); encouraging struggling students to investigate the rationale for constructivism so that they gain a greater understanding of the reasons for the approach; and providing more opportunities for checking their work (replacing a structure that is typically present in objectivist assignments) such as open-door office hours with instructors, and a detailed rubric.

A conducive environment would be one in which the transition to constructivism is slow and logical, and where SMEs (professors, librarians) are willing (proactive even?) to assist students as guides and cheerleaders. In younger students (i.e. early elementary) a conducive environment would include making the work fun. In all cases my hypothesis is that early attempts should be low-pressure situations in which students are free to explore without worrying about grades.

I have been thinking I don’t really want to write a paper for the assignment I am designing — partly because I have to write a paper about it for the objectivist assignment, and partly because I’m writing about my findings in this journal, so I think I would get more out of a more creative project such as creating a graphic organizer to present the findings of my research. If I were giving this assignment to students, it would be experimental, clearly, and I would want students to choose a graphic organizer that best fit the information they wanted to share.Assignment instructions:
Create a graphic organizer to visually represent your research findings, and satisfying the following three objectives:

  • Describe characteristics of students who respond well to constructivist ISD
  • List a few specific strategies that instructors use to assist students who struggle in a constructivist framework
  • Describe learning environments conducive to constructivist ISD
The graphic organizer should employ notes on a separate page to defend your findings.The graphic organizer should also include a list of references in APA style on a separate page.

How I am feeling right now
I’m feeling like I do when I am working on a thesis. Note that I have never completed a thesis. Though I have finished a book. In other words, I’m feeling like I could spend a lot of time digging into this research but worry that I might not come to conclusions in time to write the paper which is the real culmination of the assignment. Though my scope is sufficiently narrow; I feel that I have learned that much from experience.
Objectivism encroaches! However I realize that theses and dissertations are constructivist in the sense that the student is their own engine for learning. It makes more sense to me that these research and writing projects become an impediment for many people to graduate.

A couple books have arrived from the library about constructivism but both are fairly old (90s) and laying out the rationale for constructivism in ISD. I am not sure that I’ll learn about who is successful.

So although my instructions are to wait till my learning contract is approved before I start my research, I am putting out feelers for interviewing my contacts at the college. Part of this is, I would like to know whether the college as a whole, or just some instructors, employ learning contracts. I also would like to to know whether learning contracts are only used in constructivist ISD (question for George?). This will help me as I draft my objectives. I hope!My former student Maggie is going to be an undergrad there next fall and is in touch with a Chinese literature professor. It’s my understanding that this fall Maggie will be helping the faculty member with a poetry course. So I have drafted these questions —

1. For Maggie

  • Do you know if all coursework at the college uses learning contracts?
  • And what the learning contracts look like?

3. For the professor

  • Does all coursework at the college use learning contracts? And what do the learning contracts look like?
  • If you do not use learning contracts in your courses, will you connect me with a professor who does?
  • In your experience, are some students better at responding and succeeding in this approach than others?
  • And if so, what are their characteristics?
  • For students who struggle, what help is available to them? What kind of coaching or preparation is helpful?
  • In your experience, what learning environments and cultures are best suited for this kind of learning?

3. And a former colleague now recruits for an environmental grad program at the college.

For the admissions recruiter/program coordinator

  • Do professors in your program employ learning contracts in their courses?
  • In your experience, are some students better at responding and succeeding at Evergreen than others? And if so, what are their characteristics?
  • What does an admitted Evergreen student “look” like – versus folks who aren’t admitted?
  • In your experience, what does Evergreen do to create a learning environments and cultures well suited for this kind of learning?

4. And my husband went to grad school for teaching at Lewis and Clark with a woman who’s an alumna of a similar college. Because of her background in the field of education she may be helpful to chat with about education and her experiences at Evergreen.

For the elementary school teacher who is an alumna of Kirkland College (from the 70s)

  • Questions TBA
How I am feeling right now
I’m actually much more curious and interested in this assignment than the other objectivist assignment we’re working on  right now related to ISD. I love my other project, but this one allows me to be creative which is really important to me (according to both me and my DiSC profile!) and energizes me.

Maybe that is one clue as to who succeeds in constructivist ISD.

The only thing is the library site is down. I can understand if they have to do maintenance, Friday night seems like a great time to do it because who is doing research online on a Friday night? But I’m annoyed. I have sources to discover such as:

Dick, W. (1991). An Instructional Designer’s View of Constructivism. Educational Technology, May 1991. 31 (5) 41-44.

…referenced in another article that’s kind of a book review for a book I can’t tell what it’s about exactly. Someone named Merrill seems hot under the collar about constructivism.

How do I even draft objectives if I don’t know for sure that there is an answer to my question?

Draft objectives:*
Describe* characteristics of students who respond well to constructivist ISD
List a few specific strategies that instructors use to assist students who struggle in a constructivist framework
Describe* learning environments conducive to constructivist ISD

* I don’t like these as verbs here but I’m just not sure yet how to become more specific.

Which resources will you use?

1. Duffy and Jonassen book on instructional technology – describes constructivist implications/applications in ISD. I ordered this from the library; not sure it will contain evidence yet of a successful implementation and characteristics of students. From the book review I read, it sounds like this book was published as a first treatise on the idea of constructivist ISD. Hope it will provide me a better look at what constructivist ISD looks like so that I will know it when I see it.
2. More research needed — tentatively, journal articles
3. SMEs
4. Other?

Learning strategies

Evidence of my learning

1. Journal reflecting on the research and discovery process including resources and what I’m learning from them (ahem, this journal)

2. A paper? I hate to give myself another paper to write. What might be nice is a paper, annotated with comments or footnotes revealing what I am really thinking. That is to say, sometimes when you write papers for school, you’re just doing the best you can with what research you’ve been able to find on your topic in the timeframe that the paper is due. It would be more revealing to write a neurotically self-conscious paper where in notes I’m being utterly transparent about my further questions, my doubts, my frustrations with what I am writing.

Or I could create a graphic organizer summarizing my findings since I am synthesizing my findings … Or hope to … Here.

Is there even an answer to the question I have?

First step – research and read to better understand constructivism as an instructional theory or ISD model — versus educational philosophy. For the past several days I have been searching on the OSU library (and ERIC etc.) for articles and books that can orient me to constructivism.

I think I’d like to investigate whether constructivist models of ISD work better with some kinds of learners than others. Like rich/well educated hippie college kids with intrinsic motivation and great work ethic and self discipline and an academic history of inquiry based learning. But I am not finding a huge body of writing on the topic which makes me doubt there is research to look at to answer my question.

Tonight I found a book review for Constructivism and Instructional Technology (book is by Duffy and Jonassen) helpful. The review points out that it’s hard to ask good questions about a topic you don’t know much about (Miyake and Norman, 1979). Ringing very, very true!

Could “scaffolding” be the answer to the problem of learners not knowing enough to ask good questions in constructivism? Clark and Graves 2008 — study on contrasting literature methods in elem classrooms (PDF is on the macbook):

Inherent in the concept of scaffolding is the gradual release of responsibility model (Pearson & Fielding, 1991). In this model, students progress from situations in which the teacher assumes the majority of responsibility for successful completion of a task to situations in which students assume all or most of the responsibility for the task. – page 10

First clue that constructive isd works better with some populations than others. In a comparison of open and directed literature text mediation in fourth and fifth graders, it seems that the fifth graders enjoyed the books better when the approach was more constructivist while the fourth graders enjoyed the books better with the objectivist approach. p. 22 – Mean ratings of interest table.

–CLARK & GRAVES • AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LITERACY, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2008. pp. 9–29

How I am feeling:
Before I found the book review corroborating George’s take, I was feeling frustrated
Feeling better now, like I am onto something, not sure what
Afraid that this whole process is going to take a long time
Scared about developing an assessment and rubric for myself

One thought to answer my research question (if it is the same one I mention above) is to chat with some professors at Evergreen (to the extent that Evergreen is constructivist in its approach — how will I confirm that?) and see what admissions criteria looks like as far as predicting success in that environment. Also — interview George?

SMEs:
– Chinese faculty member at Evergreen who Maggie knows
– Maggie
– Gail
– George?

Today I learned that I won a free book, on using technology in teaching. I’m excited, because as I have said many times, understanding how to incorporate technology into my instruction is one reason I wanted to go to graduate school for adult education. I’m thrilled I might learn something about this important topic.

As I’ve learned more about VATK learning styles this term, I’ve become a better teacher of my own children.

Identifying numbers through rhyme:

Appealing to my older son’s auditory learning style

My three year old had been struggling a bit to identify numbers six through ten when they weren’t in order (part of the state academic standards for preschoolers).

We’d played games, tried flashcards — I’d even given him different media (rubber bands, pasta, etc.) and watched him create beautiful numbers on command. But he still didn’t identify the numbers when he’d see them out of order.

Finally after a weekend class meeting of my Adult Learning Strategies course — where we practiced applying Bloom’s taxonomy of objectives to different VATK learning styles — I thought of taking advantage of my older son’s auditory learning style to teach him number-related rhymes — like “a circle and a line, my name is nine.”

Within a day, he’d learned his numbers. He sings these number rhymes in the car and bathtub, and recites them to himself when we play number games. I’m really happy.

Gaining a love of books through touch + feel

reaching out to my younger son’s tactile/kinesthetic learning style

My one year old hadn’t been a big fan of books. While his big brother would sit patiently and listen to book after book as an infant, this baby had only wanted to play with the books. He’d had no interest in looking or listening.

Finally just this past weekend I came across some old touch + feel books that include textures with the illustrations. For example, a lion’s mane is made of fake fur, and a lizard’s skin is made of bumpy rubber.

I was excited to read them to the baby, and sure enough, my tactile/kinesthetic little guy sat calmly, petting the illustrations while I read!

I couldn’t believe it, and desperately wished I had tried this sooner. We have a lot of reading to catch up on.

A couple weeks ago I attending a nonprofit marketing training from the Nonprofit Association of Oregon. Today I submitted a critique of the event for my Adult Learning Strategies course.

The experience of being in a workshop as a learner and observer — observing the instructor — was interesting, but reflecting on the workshop for the paper was the best.

The purpose of the paper was to evaluate an adult learning event using criteria such as: instructional strategies with attention to the adult learning framework; perceptual-senses learning styles; cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning goals; Kolb’s learning styles; use of multiple instructional strategies; as well as effective practices such as attending to participants’s emotional and physical needs at all stages of the event.

The paper outlined a brief description of the event’s context, timing, purpose, content, and design; an overview of the instructor’s strategies; an assessment of learner involvement and participation, instructor’s style, learner-instructor rapport, appropriateness of instructional strategies given the content and audience; and suggestions for next time.

The process of staring hard at each component of the workshop has helped me solidify my grasp of all the reading I’ve done this term, and I think will contribute to my instructional design moving forward. I’ll upload the paper within the Teaching + Training section of this portfolio (it will be password protected).

This past weekend, when my grad school cohort met for our Instructional Strategies for Adult Learners course, our professor asked us to reflect on one of our best and one of our worst experiences as facilitator.

Interestingly, the good experiences I thought of often had a corresponding bad one.

For example, a social networking training I did for national service program staff worked well partly because I was very aware of who was in the room. I had done a survey ahead of time, and had a very clear sense of what kind of experiences my participants had had with online social networks, and a vivid picture of what they wanted to learn in the workshop.

However for another social networking workshop I offered, I didn’t send out a survey to participants ahead of time. The event organizer asked me to speak about how to use social networks to recruit new volunteers.  Instead of doing a survey, I asked the event organizer whether I should focus my hour-long session on introducing the social network sites themselves — or whether I could focus entirely on volunteer recruitment through the sites.

She assured me that the crowd was young and that they all were digital natives. “Just focus on volunteer recruitment,” I was told.

So I prepared a workshop on recruiting volunteers using Facebook, Twitter, blogging, and Youtube — without planning presentation slides that showed the basics of each site. Big mistake. The participants were young-ish — most were under 30. But half did not use Facebook, and only two had ever used Twitter.

Fortunately, I could get online in the training room, and jump out of my presentation to walk participants through the basics of the sites themselves. But I still had to “dance” a bit — and felt flustered, time-crunched, and less effective than if I had just sent them a survey ahead of time and asked what they knew.

Who’s reading?

Please take a moment to let me know who you are! Also feel free to leave a comment below.